Cones in tennis coaching create an illusion of skill development but lack real transfer to match situations. Players’ movements should focus on responding to the environment rather than navigating obstacles. Effective coaching requires contextual practice that reflects actual gameplay, promoting problem-solving and decision-making rather than outdated drills.

Affordances in tennis define the action opportunities provided by environment, equipment, and context. The evolution from wooden to modern rackets, changes in court surfaces, and the color of balls has altered gameplay. Contemporary coaching must adapt to these shifts, focusing on ecological approaches to enhance player adaptability and performance.

Footwork ladders are ineffective for tennis training as they promote predictable movements, lacking the chaos of actual gameplay. Instead, players should engage in situational footwork training that emphasizes unpredictability, decision-making, and dynamic movement. Effective alternatives include live ball drills, decision-making footwork drills, and match-simulated recovery patterns for game-ready skills.